Ethical and Practical Considerations of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Medicine: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming various industries, including pediatric medicine, raising both ethical and practical considerations in its implementation. AI is also being utilized more and more in pediatric care across a number of subspecialties. However, a number of major challenges still stand in the way of the practical implementation of AI. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the ethical and practical consideration of AI in the field of pediatric medicine. We searched five different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and IEEE Xplore) for relevant studies to include in this review. On these databases, we found 524 studies, which were retrieved to EndNote X6.0.1 software, where 207 were removed as duplicates, and the rest were assessed for eligibility with exclusion and inclusion criteria. Twenty studies were found eligible and were included in the study. In pediatric medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) is causing disruption and is now linked to opportunities, problems, and a demand for explainability. AI shouldn't be seen as a replacement for human judgment and experience but rather as a tool to improve and support healthcare decision-making. Therefore, in order to guarantee that research findings are generalizable, future studies should concentrate on gathering complete data.