Epidemiological, Clinicopathological, and Surgical Characteristics of Eyelid Carcinomas: A Three-Year Retrospective Case Series From Eastern Morocco

Abstract

Background Eyelid carcinomas are the most common malignant tumors of the periocular region and require a balance between complete oncologic resection and functional reconstruction. This study aimed to describe the demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of patients with eyelid carcinoma treated surgically at a tertiary referral center in Eastern Morocco, while evaluating surgical management strategies, reconstructive approaches, postoperative complications, and short- to mid-term recurrence outcomes. Methods This retrospective study was conducted over a three-year period, from January 2023 to December 2025, and included 20 patients with eyelid carcinomas who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco. Demographic, clinical, histopathological, therapeutic, and outcome data were analyzed. Results Twenty patients were included, comprising 11 women (55%) and 9 men (45%), with a mean age of 63.1 years. Chronic sun exposure was identified in 18 patients (90%). The lower eyelid was the most commonly affected site in nine cases (45%). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) accounted for 15 tumors (75%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in five cases (25%). Wide local excision with histopathological margin control was performed in all patients (20/20, 100%), and orbital exenteration was required in one case (5%). Reconstruction was achieved mainly using local flaps in 12 patients (60%). Ectropion occurred in two patients (10%). No local recurrence was observed during a mean follow-up of 22 months. Conclusion Eyelid carcinomas, particularly BCC, represent a significant therapeutic challenge, with surgery remaining the mainstay of treatment. The optimal management strategy relies on prevention and early diagnosis of lesions, which are essential to improve prognosis and prevent disease progression.