Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Magnetic Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticle/Carbon Black/Copper‐Quercetin Rods for Sensitive, Disposable Electrochemical Sensor for Mitoxantrone

Abstract

Abstract Phenolic compounds have a variety of activities but are most famous for their antioxidant and metal‐chelating properties. We explore the green synthesis and application of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, carbon black (CB), and copper‐quercetin (Cu−Q) composite for a disposable electrochemical sensor for mitoxantrone. Fe 3 O 4 was synthesised using Camellia sinensis leaf extract. The copper‐quercetin was synthesised by titrating copper acetate solution with quercetin monohydrate solution at room temperature. Equal amounts of Fe 3 O 4 , CB, and Cu−Q were mixed to form Fe 3 O 4 ‐CB/Cu−Q. The Fe 3 O 4 ‐CB/Cu−Q/SPE has the lowest detection limit (55.47 pM) compared to previous mitoxantrone sensors. The average recovery was 102.2 %, with an RSD of 4.67 % in serum. The sensor maintained an average accuracy of 98.99 % in the presence of the interfering agent. The detection limit of the new sensor is about five times lower than that of the previous Fe 3 O 4 and carbon black electrode. Therefore, it can be suggested that the Copper‐quercetin complex contributed significantly to the electrode's sensitivity. This research is the first to report the three oxidation potentials for mitoxantrone consistent with mitoxantrone's complex oxidation mechanism. Also, this is the first report on using copper‐quercetin as an electrode material for electrode chemical detection. Furthermore, this is the first green‐derived sensor for mitoxantrone.