Environmental Effects of Intrinsic Silicon Within Biochar to Promote Removal of Heavy Metals and Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Silicon (Si) is a key constituent of biochar (BC) known for its exceptional properties. Although existing studies have highlighted the agricultural and environmental benefits of Si in biochar, most focus on the properties and reactivity of externally modified Si-incorporated BC. Limited reviews address the evolving dynamics of intrinsic Si and its subsequent impacts. This review aims to delineate the structural attributes of intrinsic Si and the varied interactions between carbon and Si in the fabrication of silicon-infused biochar (Si-BC). Additionally, it underscores the environmental implications of Si in biochar, including enhanced heavy metal adsorption, regulation of elemental cycles, and improved stress resilience in agricultural settings. To enhance comprehension of environmental effects and optimize the advantages of Si-BC application, comprehensive field trials and long-term ecological monitoring are essential to elucidate the interplay among active organic components, microbial populations, and mineral constituents.