Environment–Behaviour Perspective of Health Vulnerability of Residents in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

Rapid urbanisation and the growth of informal settlements in Nigeria have intensified environmental and housing-related health risks, particularly among vulnerable populations. Using an environment–behaviour perspective, this study examines how built environment conditions and housing deficits influence health vulnerability and coping strategies in Makoko, Lagos. A mixed-method approach along with household questionnaires (n = 143) was used. Findings reveal severe overcrowding, poor housing quality, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to clean water shaping hygiene practices and environmental exposure. Women experience greater health vulnerability due to limited healthcare access, highlighting the need for integrated, community-driven urban health and planning interventions.