Environment and development: analysing the impact of diplomatic relations and governance challenges in countering Chinese Involvement in Illegal gold mining in Ghana

Abstract

This study examines the impact of Ghana-China diplomatic relations on government efforts to combat illegal gold mining in Ghana. While diplomatic ties between the two nations foster cooperation, trade, and economic growth, the environmental damage caused by illegal Chinese miners has raised concerns. The study applies neoliberal theory to explore the dynamics of Ghana-China relations, Chinese migration, and economic growth. However, the adverse environmental impacts of illegal mining in forests and water bodies jeopardize both national well-being and the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly goals 13 and 15. Using a qualitative methodology, 26 individuals were interviewed, including government officials, chiefs, assembly members, immigration officers, and Chinese industry representatives. The findings indicate that Ghana-China diplomatic relations complicate efforts to curb illegal mining. Weak legal frameworks, political interference, and ineffective regulatory reforms hinder government interventions, such as military crackdowns. This study provides insights into how diplomatic relations impede environmental protection efforts and highlights the need for stronger governance, transparency, and collaboration. It underscores the importance of balancing development with environmental sustainability, promoting strategies that ensure community participation and accountability in addressing this ongoing challenge. In other words, it highlights the importance of collaboration, transparency, and community participation, while promoting strategies that balance development with environmental protection.