Enhancing Thermal Properties of Co₃O₄ Nanoparticles Through Optimized Mn‐Doping Concentrations

Abstract

Herein, a facile co‐precipitation technique was employed to prepare cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ) and Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) with manganese (Mn) doping. The morphologies and crystalline structures of the as‐prepared NPs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. XRD measurements showed that Co 3 O 4 (19.42 nm) and Mn‐doped Co 3 O 4 (14.02 nm) NPs were successfully synthesized on average, and they exhibit a face‐centered cubic crystalline structure. The SEM images also depicted the spherical morphology of Co 3 O 4 NPs, with Mn particles clustering together. FTIR spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of Mn within the doped Co 3 O 4 NPs. TGA/DTA analysis revealed boosted thermal stability in Mn‐doped Co 3 O 4 NPs compared to Co 3 O 4 NPs. Moreover, the BET surface areas of Co 3 O 4 and Mn‐doped Co 3 O 4 NPs were 534.013 and 712.741 m 2 /g, respectively, indicating an increase in surface area due to Mn doping. Consequently, Mn doping enhances both surface area and thermal stability, rendering Mn‐doped Co 3 O 4 NPs desirable for nanomaterial applications. This study shows that modulating the Mn doping concentration in the Co 3 O 4 NPs offers superior surface area and thermal stability compared to the prepared Co 3 O 4 NPs.