Enhancing HealthCare Waste Management through Circular Economy Principles: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: The growth and expansion of the healthcare industry is associated with the production of large amounts of waste. It is unclear whether healthcare facilities are applying sustainable waste management strategies that promote a circular economy. This study synthesizes evidence on the extent to which healthcare facilities have adopted sustainable strategies to support a circular economy in waste management. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Semantic Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases was performed for studies published between 2020 and 2024 using relevant keywords. Results: A total of 32 studies (n = 32) were included in the review. The findings revealed significant deficiencies in healthcare waste management practices. Common issues included poor implementation of waste segregation using color-coding systems, inadequate storage and collection methods, limited on-site transport equipment, and manual offsite transport. Staff training and compliance with guidelines were also insufficient. Incineration often using substandard equipment and open burning were the predominant waste treatment methods. Only eight studies reported some integration of circular economy practices, such as reuse and recycling approaches to waste management. Conclusion: This review identifies a significant gap in knowledge and practice regarding the application of circular economy principles in healthcare waste management, highlighting the urgent need for improved protocols and sustainable practices in healthcare settings.