Enhancing Exercise Performance with Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Physical exercise has been a cornerstone of health and vitality across all age groups; however, while its importance remains undeniable, the complications associated with exercise such as fatigue, muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress are not always effectively managed through conventional strategies. This review aims to highlight the current evidence on the potential role of natural products in alleviating these exercise-induced responses and supporting exercise performance and recovery. METHODS: The available preclinical and clinical literature was comprehensively reviewed to evaluate the effects of natural products on exercise performance and recovery. Evidence was categorized according to five major mechanisms: attenuation of muscle fatigue, enhancement of muscular endurance, improvement of muscular strength and neuromuscular function, modulation of inflammation and other physiological benefits. RESULTS: Approximately 164 natural products have been investigated for their potential to improve exercise performance and recovery by targeting fatigue-related markers, improving energy metabolism, and regulating oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the potential of natural products as promising agents as complementary strategies for addressing exercise-induced fatigue and improving recovery. Although current findings indicate biological plausibility and therapeutic potential of natural products, further clinical evidence is required before definitive performance related recommendations can be established. Future well-designed clinical trials are essential to establish efficacy, safety and translational applicability.