review · Frontiers in Energy Research
Anaerobic digestion produces biogas, a valuable renewable biofuel, but the process encounters persistent challenges. Complex substrate characteristics, operational complexity, low productivity, inefficient biodegradability, and poor stability can suppress biogas and biomethane yields. In addition, raw biogas contains undesirable impurities such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, water vapour, ammonia, siloxanes, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. These contaminants diminish the specific calorific value of the fuel and cause mechanical issues during machine operation. To overcome these bottlenecks and improve biofuel yields, process intensification methods offer systematic solutions. Maximising performance requires coordinated strategies to enhance digestion efficiency, paired with the application of conventional and emerging technologies designed for cleaning, purifying, and upgrading raw biogas into high-quality biomethane.
Biogas represents a valuable renewable energy resource, but operational inefficiencies and corrosive contaminants limit its energy output and damage equipment. Understanding the systematic techniques available to stabilise digestion and purify raw gas helps improve biofuel quality. This knowledge supports more reliable fuel production that can better integrate into existing energy systems without harming industrial machinery.
The abstract highlights methods for upgrading raw biogas and process intensification techniques to boost biomethane yields. These solutions are relevant to biogas plant operators, biofuel producers, and equipment manufacturers seeking higher energy content while protecting machinery. Because the review addresses both conventional and emerging purification technologies, the application distance spans established commercial systems to early-stage development, though the abstract provides no specific readiness metrics.
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) processes can face operational challenges or flaws such as substrate structure and characteristics complexity, process complexity, low productivity, inefficient biodegradability, and poor stability, which suppresses or reduces biogas and biomethane production. As a result of the need to overcome these challenges/shortcomings and improve or enhance biogas and biomethane yield, process intensification methods have gained attention. There is some literature review on pretreatment and co-digestion as a means of improving AD performance; however, there is no systematic information on the various strategies required for improving AD performance and, in turn, increasing biogas/biomethane yield. The AD process produces biogas, a valuable renewable biofuel. Biogas is composed primarily of biomethane and other undesirable components such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen sulphide, water vapour, ammonia, siloxanes, nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide, which act as impurities or contaminants and tend to reduce the biogas specific calorific value while also causing various problems with machine operation. As a result, various technologies are used to improve raw biogas quality by removing contaminants during biogas transformation to biomethane. As a result, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the various systematic process intensification strategies used to overcome AD process challenges/shortfalls, improve or enhance biogas and biomethane production, and conventional and emerging or advanced technologies for biogas purification, cleaning, and upgrading.
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DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2023.1170133
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