article · IEEE Access
Shipboard microgrids face substantial frequency stability challenges due to low system inertia and the intermittent power supplied by renewable energy sources. A combined three degree of freedom proportional integral derivative and tilted-integral controller, termed 3DOF-PID-TI, has been developed to improve frequency stability and system robustness. The regulator parameters were tuned using a triangulation topology aggregation optimiser, which was evaluated against alternative meta-heuristic methods. Communication time delays between system sensors and regulators were also incorporated into the evaluation. In comparative tests against other controller designs, the proposed setup delivered superior performance, reducing overshoot, undershoot, and settling time. Testing under varied operational conditions, including stochastic power fluctuations and random load changes, demonstrated that the controller maintains stability without requiring re-tuning during significant system parameter variations.
Modern ships increasingly rely on hybrid electric microgrids integrating renewable energy to reduce emissions. However, fluctuating clean energy and low system inertia can cause sudden electrical frequency instabilities. Developing robust, automated controllers protects maritime power equipment from disruptions, ensuring reliable onboard operations while facilitating the transition towards greener, hybrid marine vessels.
This controller design could benefit marine electrical engineers, commercial shipbuilders, and microgrid technology vendors seeking reliable frequency management for hybrid vessels. Tested through simulated operational variations, communication delays, and real stochastic fluctuations, the research represents early-stage to applied engineering development. Practical deployment would require further testing and integration into commercial shipboard control systems.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
This work addresses the important issue of frequency stability in shipboard microgrids (SMGs), which are confronted with difficulties because of the alternating power insertion from green sources and low system inertia. In order to sustain a consistent frequency (despite system uncertainties), a study and precisely calibrated regulator is necessary. Therefore, this article proposed new combined 3 degree of freedom proportional integral derivative (3DOF-PID) and tilted-integral (TI) regulators for achieving enhanced system performance, robustness, and enhance the frequency performance of a power grid. The superior performance of the suggested 3DOF-PID-TI has been assured by comparing it with three distinct controller architectures (FOPID, PDPID2 and 2DOF-PID) for the multi-energy SMG system. The investigation also took into account the temporal delays brought on by the communication links between the sensor and the regulator. The triangulation topology aggregation optimizer (TTAO), a relatively new meta-heuristic technique that hasn’t been employed to load frequency control (LFC) issues until recently, was employed to adjust the controllers’ parameters. The TTAO’s frequency performance outcomes were thoroughly contrasted to those of other optimization algorithms (i.e., Chimp, Whale, and Gradient-Based Optimization Algorithms) so as to evaluate the optimization efficacy of the suggested optimizer. The findings showed that the proposed 3DOF-PID-TI controller, whose parameters has been tuned by TTAO, outperformed its competitors in terms of overshoot (15.87mHz), undershoot (-29.04mHz), settling time (2.49sec) and performance index (i.e., ITAE(0.0171)). Additionally, the suggested controller’s robustness was assessed in a range of SMG operating situations as ex. (Random Multi-Step Variation in Load, Real Data on Stochastic Power Fluctuations, Energy Storage System Impact on the system and sensitivity analysis). The acquired data amply proved that when crucial system parameters experience a substantial variation, the controller’s gains set under normal circumstances do not need to be re-tuned.
This page summarises published work. The authoritative version sits with the publisher.
DOI: 10.1109/access.2024.3399325
Is something wrong with this record? Report it or request removal.
Discussion
Have you built on this work, tried to replicate it, or seen it applied in practice? Share what you know. Verified researchers and MARATTO™ domain experts can open a discussion, and any member can reply. Contributions are reviewed before they appear.
No discussion yet. Open the first thread.
New to MARATTO™? Create a free account.
