Enhanced perspectives on silica aerogels: Novel synthesis methods and emerging engineering applications

Abstract

• Unveils aerogels' versatility from civil engineering to biomedicine. • Discuss innovations overcoming aerogels' mechanical fragility. • Identifies key barriers in aerogels' commercial scalability. • Proposes new synthesis methods reducing environmental impact. Silica aerogels are renowned for their ultralight structure and superior insulative properties, sparking significant interest across a multitude of engineering fields. Developed over a century ago, these materials continue to be pivotal in advancing both academic and industrial applications due to their unparalleled thermal and acoustic insulation properties. This systematic review delves into the latest advancements in silica aerogel technology, particularly focusing on innovative synthesis techniques and novel applications that extend beyond the traditional scopes of use. We critically examine recent breakthroughs that enhance the mechanical strength and production scalability of aerogels, addressing their known limitations such as brittleness and manufacturing complexities. By integrating recent research findings with a comprehensive review of historical advancements, this paper highlights unique contributions to the field, sets forth new avenues for future research, and outlines the growing role of aerogels in sectors like sustainable construction, aerospace, and biomedical engineering.