Emerging Technologies for Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Water resources, essential for both human and ecological health, are increasingly threatened by pollution, overexploitation, and climate change. Monitoring and assessing water quality are now imperative to protect public health and the environment. A range of advanced technologies is reshaping these processes, including IoT for real-time data collection, remote sensing for large-scale monitoring, and AI for predictive analysis and decision-making. These technologies, combined with Big Data for managing vast datasets, cloud computing for storage and accessibility, edge computing for localized data processing, and digital twins for simulating aquatic systems, offer powerful solutions. However, challenges such as sensor reliability, data management, and system integration persist and must be addressed. To fully harness the potential of these innovations, education plays a crucial role. By integrating these technologies into educational programs, we can equip future generations with the skills needed to manage water resources sustainably. Despite the obstacles, the potential for more sustainable and efficient water management is substantial as these technologies continue to evolve, provided we invest in both technological development and education