Emergence and public health implications of the Akhmeta virus: Insights and recommendations

Abstract

Background: Global health concerns have arisen following the discovery and emergence of the akhmeta virus (AKMV) in Georgia. The first two cases of AKMV infection, a novel orthopoxvirus, in 2013, diagnosed among two cattle herders, prompted scientific research into the cause, dynamics of transmission, and clinical signs of the infection. Advancements in genomic technology, particularly regarding genomic characterization, have revealed distinct traits and potential recombination events, shedding light on this organism's evolutionary history and pathogenicity. The characteristic skin lesions and systemic signs of AKMV infections make identification and treatment difficult. An adequate understanding of the natural history and transmission mechanisms is imperative to enact strategic infection prevention measures. More so, immunization, monitoring, and early case identification, backed up by a high index of suspicion, are crucial in mitigating the progression of isolated outbreaks into large-scale epidemics. The disease management modalities must prioritize primary prevention and biohazard combat measures. Concurrently, proactive measures for the prompt development of precision antiviral agents are being instituted to abate further public health harm. To address stigma and foster inclusivity, the disease taxonomy and nomenclature for AKMV should be aligned with WHO guidelines on disease classification and terminology. Mitigating the impact of AKMV and other emerging infectious illnesses on public health requires proactive measures like vaccination, surveillance, and research into antiviral medicines. The role of relevant stakeholders, such as the government, researchers, and healthcare practitioners, is pivotal to combating the potential threat posed by the AKMV.