Effects of the Cattaneo–Christov flux model on thermally radiative flow of tetra hybrid nanofluid with surface tension gradient

Abstract

The importance of thermal radiation and Stefan blowing on the boundary layer flow of tetra hybrid nanofluid flow across a disk are examined in the present work employing the Cattaneo-Christov flux model. Additionally, the Marangoni convection effect and Stefan blowing are examined. Tetra-hybrid nanofluids are employed in sophisticated thermal systems like heat exchangers, solar energy systems, and cooling technologies because of their improved thermal conductivity and heat transmission properties. Under microgravity conditions, a surface tension differential in the plasma causes the intriguing scientific phenomenon known as Marangoni convection. Important uses of the Marangoni effect include welding, convection or Bernard cells, crystal growth, electron beam melting of metals, soap film stability, and more. In order to improve heat exchangers in chemical processes, optimize thermal management in power plants, and provide effective cooling systems for intricate machinery, the model is essential. Furthermore, it is a flexible tool for contemporary engineering solutions that advance sustainable practices by improving the energy efficiency of renewable technologies. To solve the problem, the Homotopy analysis approach is applied, and graphs are used to show the analytical outcomes. The temperature and velocity fields rise as the Stefan blowing parameter rises, while the solutal profile falls.