article · Structural Concrete
The study evaluated replacing standard fine and coarse aggregates entirely with heavyweight aggregates, specifically hematite and steel slag, alongside adding nano titanium or nano silica at 1% and 3% of cement weight in heavyweight high-strength concrete. Twenty concrete mixtures were assessed across engineering metrics, transport properties, and gamma-ray shielding effectiveness using caesium-137 and cobalt-60 radiation sources. Total aggregate replacement with steel slag and hematite combined with 3% nano additions produced the best mechanical and transport characteristics. Specifically, introducing 3% nano titanium achieved the greatest density at 3384 kilograms per cubic metre alongside the highest radiation attenuation. Furthermore, concrete containing 3% nano silica achieved compressive strength exceeding 116 megapascals.
Facilities working with radioactive sources require specialised structural materials that shield against hazardous radiation while maintaining structural integrity. Demonstrating that industrial heavyweight aggregates combined with specific nanomaterials provide superior gamma-ray attenuation and compressive strength exceeding 116 megapascals offers concrete evidence for designing high-density structural barriers.
This research is relevant to engineers, materials suppliers, and builders of radiation shielding infrastructure, such as medical centres and nuclear facilities. By evaluating twenty mix formulations, the findings highlight concrete options that offer high strength and radiation attenuation. Because the study focuses on laboratory mix formulation and material testing, the technology is at an early experimental stage and requires scale-up testing before commercial use.
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Abstract This investigation aims to study the effect of replacing 100% of fine and coarse aggregates with heavyweight aggregates and adding nano titanium (NT) and nano silica (NS) on shielding against radiation and on the mechanical and transport properties of heavyweight high‐strength concrete (HWHSC). In this study, 20 mixes were prepared that included the use of hematite and steel slag (SS) aggregate with NS or NT used as additions to mixes by the ratio 1% and 3% from cement weight. To study the effect of the total replacement of aggregates and the addition of nanomaterials (NMs) on the properties of HWHSC, to study engineering properties the slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity were applied. Density, chloride permeability, sorptivity coefficient, water permeability, and microstructure tests were also performed. To study the efficiency of shielding against radiation, linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, mean‐free path, half‐value layer, and tenth‐value layer of different gamma‐ray sources of radiation 137Cs 662 (keV) and 60Co 1332 (keV) were applied. The results showed that the 100% SS and hematite replacement as coarse and fine aggregates with 3% (NS or NT) achieved the best mechanical and transport properties compared to other mixtures. While the highest density of the string containing hematite and SS was achieved with 3% of NT, with a density of 3384 kg/m 3 . The highest compressive strength of more than 116 MPa was achieved for the included mixture of 3% NS. The highest attenuation of gamma‐ray radiation was achieved with the application of hematite and SS aggregates with 3% of NT.
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DOI: 10.1002/suco.202300232
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