Effects of n-Hexane and ethanol extract of <i>Milicia excelsa</i> stone on pain perception in Sodium Monoiodoacetate-induced Osteoarthritic Female Wistar Rats

Abstract

ABSTRACT AIM This research was undertaken to evaluate the effect of n-Hexane and ethanol extract of Milicia excelsa stone on pain perception in Sodium Monoiodoacetate-induced Osteoarthritic Female Wistar Rats. And the most active ingredient in Milicia excelsa stone is calcium carbonate. METHOD For this study, fifty (50) female Wistar rats divided into five groups were used, these include: Positive control (normal health rats), Negative control (osteoarthritic rats with no treatment), Reference (osteoathritic rats treated with arthocare), Test (1) (osteoarthritic rats treated with n-Hexane extract of milicia excelsa stone), Test (2) (osteoarthritic rats treated with ethanol extract of milicia excelsa stone). Von Frey Hair Filament was used to access pain perception across the groups. And the knee circumference was taken pre-induction, induction, and post-induction. RESULTS The result of this experimental research showed that there was significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease both in the cartilage and serum level of biomarkers such as Prostanglandin E 2 , Tumour Necrotic factor alpha, Vascular endothelial growth factor, and Cartillage oligomeric metalloprotein. There was significance (p&lt;0.05) decrease in the knee oedema. Also, the pain threshold increased in both n-Hexane and ethanol groups. CONCLUSION It is therefore concluded that n-Hexane and ethanol extracts of Milicia excelsa have significant effect in reducing pain perception in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic female Wistar rats.