article · East African Orthopaedic Journal
Total hip arthroplasty frequently leads to substantial blood loss both during and after surgery. This retrospective comparative study analysed 204 patients undergoing the procedure to evaluate the impact of preoperative tranexamic acid administration on blood loss and transfusion requirements. Patients were categorised into those who received the medication before surgery and those who did not. The findings demonstrated that 74.4 percent of patients who did not receive tranexamic acid required blood transfusions, compared to 60.3 percent among those who were treated with it. In addition, patients in the tranexamic acid group who still needed transfusions required fewer units of blood overall. Preoperative administration of the drug effectively reduced both the overall need for postoperative blood transfusions and the volume of transfused blood units required by patients undergoing total hip replacement.
Blood loss during major orthopaedic operations often creates a high demand for blood transfusions. By showing that a preoperative medication reduces both the likelihood of needing a transfusion and the total volume of blood required, these findings support improved surgical patient management and help ease demands on scarce hospital blood supplies.
This research provides clinical evidence for standardising preoperative tranexamic acid administration protocols in surgical centres and orthopaedic departments. The intervention involves an existing, approved pharmaceutical and reflects applied clinical practice that is already usable in hospitals, offering hospital managers and healthcare providers a direct approach to reduce blood product consumption without requiring new technology development.
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Background: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is associated with significant intraoperative and postoperative blood loss. The use of tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce bleeding and the number of blood transfusions. Objective: This study aimed at comparing blood loss and the need for blood transfusion in patients undergoing THA between those who received tranexamic acid and those who did not. Methods: The study design was a hospital-based retrospective comparative study which included 204 patients. The patients were divided into two groups, the first group were those patients who received tranexamic acid preoperatively and the second group were those patients who didn’t receive it. The number of patients who got blood transfusions in both groups was determined. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program version 20 for the study variables. Results: The study showed that among the participants who underwent THA, almost three quarter (74.4%) of those who did not receive tranexamic acid needed blood transfusion, whilst 60.3% of patients who received tranexamic acid required blood transfusion. This study also showed that amongst those who received blood transfusion, the number of units were less in the group that received tranexamic acid. Conclusion: Pre-operative tranexamic acid administration to patients who underwent THA showed to be effective in significantly reducing the need and number of units of postoperative blood transfusion.
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DOI: 10.4314/eaoj.v19i2.7
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