Effect of Environmental Scanning and Strategy Formulation on the Performance of Drought Humanitarian Support Organizations in Arid and Semi-Arid Counties, Kenya

Abstract

Purpose: Drought humanitarian support organizations play a critical role in enhancing resilience and addressing food insecurity, livestock loss, and water scarcity in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid counties. Despite their importance, many organizations face persistent challenges related to coordination, resource allocation, and operational effectiveness, often linked to weaknesses in strategic management practices. This study examined the effect of environmental scanning and strategy formulation on the performance of drought humanitarian support organizations operating in arid and semi-arid counties in Kenya. Methodology: The study was anchored on Resource Based Theory, Strategic Fit Theory, and Strategic Choice Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted targeting registered drought humanitarian support organizations. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to organizational leaders. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, including correlation and regression analysis, to determine the relationship between environmental scanning, strategy formulation, and organizational performance. Findings: The findings revealed that environmental scanning and strategy formulation both had a positive and statistically significant effect on organizational performance. Strategy formulation emerged as the strongest predictor of performance, underscoring the importance of clear goal setting, risk assessment, capacity building, and resource mobilization. Effective environmental scanning through climate data analysis, logistics resource assessment, community needs evaluation, and regulatory compliance enhanced organizational responsiveness and decision making. The study concludes that strengthening environmental scanning and strategy formulation significantly improves the effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of drought humanitarian interventions. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings contribute to strategic management and humanitarian operations literature and provide practical insights for policymakers and managers seeking to enhance drought response initiatives aligned with national development priorities and the Sustainable Development Goals.