Effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>Dracaena arborea</i> (Dracaenaceae) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Ulcerative colitis, with a complex and poorly understood aetiology, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon. Current therapies present many side effects and lack efficiency. This study aimed to assess the healing properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the roots of Dracaena arborea on ulcerative colitis induced in rats. Methods Acetic acid (4 %) was injected (intrarectal) to induce colitis. Prednisolone (20 mg/kg), aqueous (500 mg/kg) and ethanolic (100 mg/kg) extracts were administered orally. Clinical parameters were measured through stool consistency, relative body mass, mass-to-length ratio, macroscopic alterations of the colon, and serum and haematological parameters. Oxidative stress markers (in both serum and tissue) and anti-inflammatory parameters were evaluated. Results The results showed that both extracts significantly reduced diarrhea severity, ulcer scores, and prevented the reduction in the colon mass/length ratio. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts significantly increased red blood cell count and haematocrit percentage, as well significantly reducing white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, and granulocyte counts. Regarding oxidative stress markers, in both serum and tissue, the extracts significantly reduced MDA concentrations while increasing GSH concentrations, SOD and catalase activities. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts also significantly reduced NO concentrations and MPO activity. Only the ethanolic extract significantly inhibited TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production. Additionally, both extracts exhibited reparative effects on intestinal epithelium by activating tissue regeneration mechanisms. Conclusions These findings suggest that D. arborea possessed anti-colitis effects in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.