article · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
A clinical study of 269 adult cardiac patients at Ambo University Referral Hospital in Ethiopia investigated the frequency and patterns of abnormal blood fat levels, known as dyslipidemia. More than three quarters of the participants, specifically 76.6 percent, had at least one form of dyslipidemia. Low levels of protective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected in 53.5 percent of patients, whilst high triglyceride levels affected 44.6 percent. Elevated total cholesterol occurred in 38.9 percent and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 29.4 percent. Patients aged over 54 had increased odds of total cholesterol and triglyceride dyslipidemia. Furthermore, elevated total cholesterol was associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of heart disease. High triglycerides were linked to diabetes and abdominal obesity, with blood uric acid showing a positive correlation with both total cholesterol and triglycerides.
Dyslipidemia is a primary driver of cardiovascular disease and related fatalities globally. Demonstrating that abnormal lipid patterns affect the vast majority of cardiac patients in this regional setting highlights an urgent need for routine lipid screening. Recognising associated factors, such as diabetes and sedentary living, enables clinical teams to prioritise targeted interventions and counselling to prevent further cardio-metabolic decline.
The abstract does not indicate an immediate commercialisation pathway, as it reports observational clinical research rather than an engineered product. Nonetheless, the high prevalence rates highlight potential institutional demand for diagnostic point-of-care lipid test kits and structured patient counselling programmes in regional hospitals. The findings represent early-stage clinical evidence that could support healthcare providers in procuring testing supplies and standardising lipid management services.
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BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a cluster of illnesses that affect the heart and blood vessels. Dyslipidemia is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease, causing more than 4 million deaths each year worldwide. However, there is very little evidence concerning the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia among cardiac patients in Ethiopia. METHODS: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2022 at Ambo University referral hospital. Data on socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric features were collected from adults with cardiac diseases using a convenient sampling technique. Lipid profiles and uric acid were measured from overnight fasting blood. The national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel (NCEP-ATP) III criteria was used to define dyslipidemia. RESULTS: A total of 269 participants were enrolled and the overall 76.6% [95% confidence interval (CI):72.1-81] of patients had at least one dyslipidemia. The prevalence of total cholesterol (TC) ⩾200 mg/dl, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dl were 38.9%, 44.6%, 29.4%, and 53.5%, respectively. Age > 54 was associated with TC and TG dyslipidemia, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and (95% CI) were 2.6(1.4-4.8) and 2.4(1.2-4.7), respectively. While, a family history of heart disease, sedentary lifestyle and obesity were associated with TC dyslipidemia, aOR (95%CI) were 1.9(1.1-3.5), 1.4 (1.4-14.6) and 6.7 (1.4-32.5), respectively. In addition, diabetetes mellitus and abdominal obesity were significantly associated with TG dyslipidemia, aOR (95%CI) were 1.9(1.0-3.6) and 2.6(1.16-5.8), respectively. Moreover, uric acid was positively correlated with TC and TG level. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that more than 75% of the cardiac patients had at least one dyslipidemia. This reflects the need for regular monitoring of lipid profiles and intensive counseling in this population to mitigate further cardio-metabolic complications.
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DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03348-y
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