review · Scientific Reports
Nigeria recorded the highest number of reported Mpox cases in West and Central Africa during recent seasonal outbreaks. An evaluation of observational research spanning fifty years, from 1972 to 2022, synthesised evidence from twenty-three qualifying studies to investigate prevalence, transmission dynamics, diagnostic approaches, and risk factors. The geographic distribution shows that the majority of documented cases occurred in the southern region of the country, accompanied by an observed progressive spread towards the north. Key factors identified as driving transmission include poverty, an absence of basic healthcare facilities, and exposure risks linked to unsafe sexual practices. Containing future outbreaks requires bolstering current intervention programmes, expanding existing resources, and fostering multi-sectoral partnerships to respond effectively to the changing patterns of disease spread across the country.
Understanding how Mpox spreads across regions and demographics is essential for designing targeted public health interventions. By identifying transmission drivers such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure and unsafe sexual practices, health authorities and international partners can better direct medical resources, enhance diagnostic capacity, and implement community prevention programmes where vulnerability is highest.
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The seasonal outbreaks of Mpox continue in most parts of West and Central Africa. In the past year, Nigeria had the highest number of reported cases. Here, we used the PRISMA guidelines to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence on Mpox in Nigeria to assess the prevalence, transmission pattern, diagnostic approach, and other associated factors useful for mitigating the transmission of the disease. All relevant observational studies in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, AJOL, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar on Mpox in Nigeria were assessed within the last fifty years (1972 to 2022). In all, 92 relevant articles were retrieved, out of which 23 were included in the final qualitative analysis. Notably, most of the cases of Mpox in Nigeria were from the southern part of the country. Our findings showed a progressive spread from the southern to the northern region of the country. We identified the following factors as important in the transmission of Mpox in Nigeria; poverty, lack of basic healthcare facilities, and risk of exposure through unsafe sexual practices. Our findings reiterate the need to strengthen and expand existing efforts as well as establish robust multi-sectoral collaboration to understand the dynamics of Mpox Nigeria.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58147-y
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