Dry Eye Disease And The Jenvis Dry Eye Report Diagnosis Tool: A Literature Review with Emphasis On African Populations

Abstract

Background: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film instability, ocular discomfort, and visual disturbance. Traditional diagnostic methods often show poor correlation with symptoms and lack reproducibility. The JENVIS Pro Dry Eye Report, integrated with the OCULUS Keratograph 5M, provides a structured, non-invasive, and multimodal approach to DED diagnosis in line with TFOS DEWS II recommendations. Aim: To review Dry Eye Disease and evaluate the diagnostic role of the JENVIS Pro Dry Eye Report, with particular emphasis on its application and limited utilization in African populations. Methods: A literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies published between 2017 and 2025. Search terms included Dry Eye Disease, JENVIS Pro Dry Eye Report, OCULUS Keratograph 5M, non-invasive diagnostics, and tear film instability. Studies addressing DED epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and JENVIS-related parameters such as non-invasive tear break-up time, tear meniscus height, and meibography were included. Results: Seventy sources were reviewed, including peer-reviewed articles and relevant grey literature. The evidence supports the JENVIS Pro Dry Eye Report as a reliable and reproducible diagnostic system that integrates objective clinical signs with subjective symptom assessment. While the tool is widely recognised internationally, its clinical use in African populations remains limited, with most regional studies relying on traditional diagnostic techniques such as Schirmer's test and fluorescein tear break-up time. Conclusion: The JENVIS Pro Dry Eye Report offers a comprehensive and objective approach to DED diagnosis compared with conventional methods. Expanding its application in African clinical settings may improve diagnostic consistency, patient education, and evidence-based management of Dry Eye Disease. Contribution: The study provides background and benefits of the use of JENVIS Dry Eye report in diagnosing DED and advocates for its use due to its benefits.