Distribution and Concentrations of Bioactive Compounds in Seed, Bark and Leaf Extracts of Gossypium barbadense Hybrid and Traditional Plants using HPLC

Abstract

Gossypium is a tropical plant with various species such as Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum. They are traditionally used as medication as well as spices. This study investigated bioactive compounds in the seed, bark and leaf extracts of Gossypium barbadense hybrid and traditional plants. Samples were extracted using 95% ethyl alcohol after maceration for 72hours. Agilent Technologies 1200 HPLC was used for sample analysis. HPLC analysis revealed several bioactive compounds in the extracts of the hybrid and traditional seed, bark and leaves samples with different concentrations. Five bioactive compounds, Demethoxycurcumin (1.231-3.785mg/g), Alpha-pinene (0.078-0.277mg/g), Alpha-turmerone (0.095-1.743mg/g), camphor (0.128-1.898mg/g), and Methyl hexyne (0.390-1.3785mg/g) were found in extracts of hybrid seed and leaf as well as traditional bark extract. Nine bioactive compounds including Ellagic acid (1.531-2.066mg/g), Zeaxanthin (0.358-0.927mg/g), p-Coumaric acid (0.409-0.706mg/g), catechin (0.149-0.279mg/g), Obovaten (0.068-0.118 mg/g), Obovatinal (0.059-0.087mg/g), Persin (0.062-1.002mg/g), Lutein (0.097-0.119mg/g) and Afzelin (0.077-0.674mg/g) were found common to the hybrid bark and traditional leaf extracts. Eleven bioactive compounds namely, Methyl hexyne (0.893-1.370mg/g), Eugenol (1.522-3.083mg/g), Camphor (0.128-0.362mg/g), Alpha-turmerone (0.095-0.231mg/g), Epicatechin (0.070-0.118mg/g), Alpha-pinene (0.078-0.105mg/g), Limonene (0.119-0.203mg/g), Resveratrol (0.191-0.575mg/g), Farnesene (0.070-0.119mg/g), D-Germacrene (0.112-0.138mg/g) and Pyridine (0.070-0.558mg/g) were found common to hybrid seed and leaf extracts. Quercetin (0.974-10.872mg/g), was found in all the extracts except traditional bark. Curcumin (0.087-10.638mg/g), was present in all the extracts except traditional leaf and hybrid bark. These phytochemicals present in the extracts of different parts of the plants suggest that the usage of any of these parts or its combination for the treatment of diseases will require proper dosage administration in order to obtain expected efficacy and amelioration of the illness. This study reveals that further studies will need to be conducted to find the right use of either the seed, bark or leaf or combination of parts of the plants in order to treat specific ailment. In conclusion, several bioactive compounds at different concentrations were identified and the study supports the usage of these plant extracts for traditional treatment of ailments such as fever, infections hypertension etc. due to their ameliorative effects.