article · Aquaculture Reports
This research evaluates the effects of adding clenbuterol, a beta2-adrenergic agonist, to the feed of Nile tilapia over a thirty-day trial. Fish were divided into a control group fed a standard diet and two test groups receiving either 5 ppm or 10 ppm of clenbuterol per kilogram of feed. Supplementation led to significant increases in body weight alongside reductions in abdominal fat, liver weight, and spleen weight. Blood tests showed lower levels of total circulating cholesterol and triacylglycerols. At the genetic level, clenbuterol reduced fat synthesis by downregulating fatty acid synthase in the liver and encouraged fat breakdown in liver and adipose tissues. Expression of muscle and growth-regulating genes varied depending on the dose and duration. Overall, the additive altered lipid metabolism and promoted growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Understanding how feed additives alter metabolism is critical for improving fish farming efficiency. By showing that clenbuterol can increase weight gain while simultaneously reducing fat accumulation and blood lipids in Nile tilapia, these findings shed light on the biological mechanisms governing muscle growth and fat storage in an important commercial aquaculture species.
This work points towards potential feed additive applications for aquaculture producers seeking to enhance growth rates and produce leaner fish. The research remains at an early stage, having tested dietary supplementation over a thirty-day experimental period. Commercial development would require further applied trials to assess long-term efficacy, safety, and regulatory alignment regarding beta2-adrenergic agonists in commercial animal feeds.
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The current study aimed to evaluate whether clenbuterol, a β2-adrenergic agonist, supplementation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets can influence growth and blood parameters. Besides, assessment of adipogenic genes as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) which is a key enzyme in the regulation of the flux of fatty acids in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue as well as muscle growth-regulating genes as myostatin (MYO) in muscle and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in liver. The fish were allocated into three equal groups; control group that fed basal diet only and the other two groups fed a basal diet containing clenbuterol at two doses 5 ppm and 10 ppm/kg diet for 30 consecutive days. Results revealed that clenbuterol supplementation significantly increased body weight, decreased liver, spleen and abdominal fat weights, and decreased total circulatory cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Moreover, clenbuterol inhibits lipogenesis by downregulation of FAS gene expression by dose and time-dependent manner in the liver while enhanced lipolysis in both the liver and in the adipose tissue. Moreover, lipolysis was reduced in muscle by dose 10 ppm on day 30. Furthermore, clenbuterol presented higher gene expression of MYO and IGF-1 in muscle and liver respectively by dose 5 ppm at day 15 on the other hand, these findings were reversed by day 30 compared with control. In conclusion, clenbuterol efficacy was apparent in a dose and time response pattern to boost growth and reduce fat deposition rates, indicating for the first time that clenbuterol has a profitable growth impact on Nile tilapia.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100319
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