Diagnostic Approaches to Skin Parasitic Diseases in Dogs and Cats: Clinical, Hematological, and Molecular Insights

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of skin diseases in dogs and cats, along with their associated symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies. This study was conducted on 10 cats and 25 dogs presented to veterinary hospitals in Tanta City, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Samples collected included blood, skin scrapings. All animals underwent physical examinations, which included the evaluation of clinical signs and case history. Laboratory investigations involved haematological analysis, skin scraping evaluation, and PCR to confirm diagnoses. The results revealed that among the 50 cats examined, about 10 (20 %) were infested with fleas. Out of 100 dogs examined, 25 (25%) were found to have external parasitic infestations, distributed as follows: mange was diagnosed in 15 dogs (60%), ticks in 5 dogs (20%), and fleas in 5 dogs (20%). Clinically, parasitic infestations present with signs as mild to severe pruritus, alopecia, erythema, and redness of affected areas. Hematological findings showed decreased hemoglobin, red blood cell counts, and hematocrit values before treatment, which improved post-treatment. White blood cell counts, and neutrophil percentages showed slight increases after treatment. PCR testing confirmed the specific mite species responsible for mange in dogs and cats. Treatment outcomes demonstrated that Bravecto and Simparica Trio were effective for treating and preventing external parasites in dogs and cats. In conclusion, mange mites, ticks, and fleas are the predominant skin parasites affecting dogs and cats. Hematological, microscopic, and PCR examinations are essential diagnostic tools, and Bravecto and Simparica Trio have proven effective in managing and preventing these infestations.