Development of Smart Voltage Level Control for a Hybrid Power Generating System

Abstract

Hybridized power-generating systems have emerged as more and more popular in recent years due to their potential to offer dependable and sustainable energy. Hybrid power systems, which integrate solar, a generator, and a mains supply, are increasingly used for sustainable energy solutions. However, voltage fluctuations from those sources can threaten equipment protection and system stability. This study introduces a voltage regulation system designed to stabilize these fluctuations in hybrid setups. The system incorporates step-down transformers, rectification circuits, and a microcontroller to monitor input voltages and select the appropriate energy sources. Tested under each overvoltage and under-voltage condition, the system effectively stabilized the output voltage, ensuring equipment protection. The outcomes demonstrated stability despite significant fluctuations with the mains supply (±60V, stability rating of 40%) and moderate fluctuations in generators without AVR (±10V, rating of 90%). In contrast, generators equipped with AVR (±2V, rating of 98%) and advanced inverters (±1V, rating of 99%) maintained stable output, highlighting the system`s capacity to control voltage instability in hybrid power systems efficiently. Finally, the outcomes obtained in this work are motivating and sufficient for industrial implementation in the automotive, manufacturing, and smart grid sectors.