article · Genes
Researchers evaluated 22 candidate restorer lines of rice alongside their parental lines over multiple growing seasons from 2012 to 2020 at the Sakha Agricultural Research Station in Egypt. The field trials assessed genetic variability and genetic advance across floral traits, yield components, and grain quality characteristics. The results demonstrated highly significant variation among the genotypes for all examined traits. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for panicle weight, number of spikelets per panicle, and filled grains per panicle. High genetic advance was observed for numerous traits, including grain yield per plant, floret opening duration, and head rice percentage. Specific lines, particularly NRL 59, NRL 55, NRL 62, NRL 63, NRL 66, and NRL 54-2, exhibited superior performance, outperforming the commercial variety Giza 178.
Rice is a vital staple crop, and identifying genetically superior breeding lines helps accelerate the development of higher-yielding crops. Demonstrating strong genetic improvements in grain yield and quality traits allows plant breeders to select better parental lines, ultimately aiding the production of more productive hybrid rice varieties to support agricultural productivity and food security.
This research is applied and field-tested, offering direct utility for agricultural research organisations and commercial seed breeders. The top-performing lines, such as NRL 59 and NRL 55, demonstrated significant advantages over the commercial variety Giza 178. These lines could be commercialised directly as new finished rice varieties or integrated as restorer parents into hybrid seed production pipelines.
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This study was carried out using 22 promising restorer lines of rice and their parental lines to study genetic variability and genetic advance for yield and yield-associated grain quality traits and floral traits. These genotypes are evaluated in a replicated trial using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the seasons from 2012 to 2020. Analysis of variance revealed that highly significant variations were observed among the genotypes for all the studied characters. Both GCV% and PCV% were high for the number of spikelets per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, and panicle weight. The genetic advance in the percentage of mean was high for days to plant height, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, panicle weight, grain yield per plant, anther length, anther breadth, duration of floret opening, and head rice percentage. Mean performance of the rice genotypes indicated that the genotypes NRL 59, NRL 55, NRL 62, NRL 63, NRL 66, and NRL 54-2 were promising for grain yield and associated desirable traits. Thus, some of these promising lines can be promoted as a new rice variety and could be used as a source for developing new hybrid combinations in hybrid rice breeding programs. The percentage of advantage over better parent and Giza 178 as the commercial variety was significant and there were highly significant desirable values among the genotypes for all the studied traits in the two years, indicating that the selection is effective in the genetic improvements for these traits.
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DOI: 10.3390/genes13030458
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