Development of a novel LC–MS/MS method for detection and quantification of tramadol hydrochloride in presence of some mislabeled drugs: Application to counterfeit study

Abstract

Counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals has become a serious problem all over the world, particularly in developing countries. In the present work, a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of tramadol hydrochloride in the presence of some suspected mislabeled drugs such as alprazolam, diazepam, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenylhydramine and paracetamol. The prepared samples were analyzed on an API 4000 mass spectrometer using an Eclipse C₁₈ column (3.5 μm, 4.6 × 100 mm). The mobile phase consisting of 0.01% formic acid, acetonitrile and methanol (60:20:20 v/v/v) was pumped with an isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min^-1 . The detection was achieved on a triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The proposed method was successfully validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The calibration linear range for tramadol hydrochloride, alprazolam, diazepam, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenylhydramine and paracetamol was 5-500 ng mL^-1 . The results revealed that the applied method is promising for the differentiation of genuine tramadol tablets from counterfeit ones without prior separation.