Development and Validation of the Amharic Version of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Measures on Intention to Take Preventive Actions on Noncommunicable Disease

Abstract

This study is aimed at developing and accessing the validity and reliability of an Amharic version of the self-efficacy and outcome expectancy measures on noncommunicable disease prevention strategies. The intentions to take protective measures on NCDs’ self-efficacy and outcome expectancy scales were created in Amharic using a sequential nine-step process that included translation and contextualization of the items, content validity, pretesting of the questions, sampling, and survey administration. Principal component analysis was conducted on 829 university students which showed a one-factor solution for self-efficacy and a three-factor solution for outcome expectancy scales using split-half measures. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the factor structure, which also demonstrated good internal consistency (.828 self-efficacy, .766 outcome expectancy). The scales had a moderate level of correlation ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mi>r</a:mi> <a:mo>=</a:mo> <a:mn>.35</a:mn> </a:math> , <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mi>p</c:mi> <c:mo>.</c:mo> <c:mn>001</c:mn> </c:math> ) between them. The study resulted in reliable and valid Amharic versions of self-efficacy (9-item) and outcome expectancy (12-item) scales.