Detection of Previously Undiagnosed Glaucoma and Suspects through Annual Screening of Hospital Staff in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, disproportionately affects the persons of African descent. In Nigeria, delayed diagnosis and advanced disease presentation are common. AIMS: This study evaluated the uptake and screening outcomes of targeted glaucoma screening among hospital staff at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited staff who participated in a 1-day workplace screening. Data collected included prior screening experience, medical and family history and comprehensive eye examinations. Glaucoma and suspects were identified using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Criteria. RESULTS: Ninety-six staff were screened. The median age was 44.0 years (interquartile range: 39.0-52.0), with 67.7% (n = 65) younger than 50 years. Glaucoma was identified in 5.2% (2.3%-11.6%; n = 5) and 14.6% (8.8%-22.9%; n = 14) were glaucoma suspects. Over half (58.3%, n = 56) had never undergone previous eye screening. Participants with a family history were more likely to have had previous screening (odds ratio [OR] = 12.7 [2.9-55.8]). Participants with glaucoma/suspect status were modestly older (median 48 vs. 44 years), supported by a Mann-Whitney probability OR of 3.41 (1.45-13.93), showing increased probability of elderly amongst the affected group. Family history was associated with glaucoma/suspect classification (OR = 5.03 [1.54-16.45]). CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of undiagnosed glaucoma and glaucoma suspects, even amongst a relatively young population, underscores the value of targeted, opportunistic workplace screening. Early detection is vital to prevent irreversible vision loss. Promoting family-based discussions and glaucoma disclosure and enhancing targeted awareness campaigns may improve screening participation and public health outcomes.