Design and Optimisation of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting in Rural Communities

Abstract

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a viable technology for converting ambient mechanical energy such as vibrations, wind, touch, and water flows into electrical energy; offering a decentralised and sustainable power solution for rural communities in the Global South. TENGs present an innovative approach to harvesting clean energy hence reducing carbon footprint and reliance on fossil fuel, especially for rural communities. The general literature review approach was adapted to source relevant data from Scopus and Google Scholar databases to answer structured critical research questions. This chapter explores the basic principle and mechanism of TENGs in design considerations and optimisation for meeting the energy needs of the Global South, where access to conventional power is limited. The chapter addresses the challenges of rural communities in accessing affordable and reliable electricity while promoting sustainable development. The challenges and opportunities in the production of high-voltage TENGs for rural communities are examined to provide insights into design challenges and performance enhancements. The socio-economic and environmental impact assessment of TENG applications in rural communities is examined for scalability. Furthermore, the implications of TENG adoption for rural communities in the Global South are discussed. The chapter concludes with a critical examination of the prospects of TENGs adoption by the Global South and provides succinct recommendations for policy directions towards the achievement of energy sufficiency. Through targeted research and development efforts, TENGs can play a transformative role in bridging the energy gap in rural regions, thereby contributing to improved quality of life and resilience against energy scarcity.