article · Inorganics
A mesoporous vanadium pentoxide and graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite was produced using an ultrasonic method to treat wastewater contaminated with organic dyes. When tested across multiple substances, the nanocomposite demonstrated high adsorption capacity for crystal violet, basic fuchsin, malachite green, and Congo red, whereas methyl orange showed lower uptake. Focusing on crystal violet removal, the adsorption performance proved dependent on system pH, achieving a maximum capacity of 664.65 milligrams per gram under optimal conditions. The removal behaviour aligned with pseudo-second-order kinetics and followed a Langmuir isotherm model. Spectroscopic evaluation confirmed that the underlying mechanism driving the dye capture involved hydrogen bonding alongside pi-pi interactions between the dye molecules and the adsorbent surface.
Discharge of synthetic dyes into water bodies threatens aquatic ecosystems and public health. Developing efficient adsorbents using accessible synthesis techniques helps improve wastewater remediation. Demonstrating high adsorption capacities for several major industrial dyes offers an effective pathway to strip toxic colourants from contaminated effluents before water is discharged or reused.
The work could enable targeted wastewater treatment applications for industrial facilities generating dye-rich effluents, such as textile or chemical processing plants. Operators seeking high-capacity filtration or batch treatment media would be the primary users. Because the study focuses on laboratory synthesis, characterisation, and batch adsorption tests without pilot-scale validation or regeneration trials, this technology remains at an early laboratory stage of research.
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This research examined the production of a V2O5-g-C3N4 nanocomposite to remove organic dyes from wastewater. To generate the V2O5-g-C3N4 nanocomposite, the sonication method was applied. The testing of V2O5-g-C3N4 with various dyes (basic fuchsin (BF), malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), Congo red (CR), and methyl orange (MO)) revealed that the nanocomposite has a high adsorption ability towards BF, MG, CV, and CR dyes in comparison with MO dye. It was established that the modification of pH influenced the removal of CV by the V2O5-g-C3N4 nanocomposite and that under optimal operating conditions, efficiency of 664.65 mg g−1 could be attained. The best models for CV adsorption onto the V2O5-g-C3N4 nanocomposite were found to be those based on pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm. According to the FTIR analysis results, the CV adsorption mechanism was connected to π–π interactions and the hydrogen bond.
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DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11040146
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