Delivery System and Nanozyme: Nanotechnology‐Based Natural Sources Promise New Approaches in Colorectal Cancer Management

Abstract

ABSTRACT The worldwide prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) makes it a leading cause of death among malignancies. The development of CRC depends on multiple factors, including genetic inheritance, environmental contact, personal habits and modifications in the gut microbiota. The current diagnostic methods primarily include colonoscopy and advanced imaging, which guide treatment based on cancer stage and spread. The standard treatment methods, including chemotherapy, targeted biologics and surgical resection, face multiple challenges that limit their effectiveness because of systemic toxicity, acquired resistance and the inability to target tumour‐specific pathways. The shortcomings of traditional therapeutic approaches have led to increased scientific interest in integrative methods that can support or enhance established strategies. Nanotechnology plays a promising role in the treatment of CRC by enabling targeted delivery systems directly to tumour cells, which reduces side effects and improves treatment effectiveness. The review focuses on how nanotechnology‐based biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) function to improve drug and herb pharmacokinetics and deliver to tumours while minimising adverse effects.