review · Heliyon
Severe plastic deformation provides a route to fabricate ultra-fine grained and nano-structured crystalline bulk materials. The process achieves significant grain refinement while preserving the overall dimensions of the workpiece, proving particularly effective for ductile materials subjected to high hydrostatic pressures. Beyond conventional metals, these deformation techniques can also be adapted to process hard-to-deform, brittle substances such as tungsten oxide, boron trioxide glasses, and amorphous materials. By altering microstructures through intense plastic strain, the methods yield new bulk materials with improved mechanical properties. Evaluating the relative merits, limitations, and potential hybrid combinations of existing deformation methods highlights recent process developments. These engineering advancements support the broader adoption of refined processing techniques across metalworking sectors seeking materials with enhanced structural performance.
Refining the microscopic grain structure of metals and brittle materials can dramatically improve their strength and functional properties. Understanding how severe plastic deformation alters materials without changing their overall shape helps engineers design stronger, more durable components. This knowledge supports the transition of advanced metallurgical techniques from laboratory experiments to practical manufacturing processes.
Recent advances in severe plastic deformation techniques target manufacturing applications in the metalworking industry, particularly for producing ultra-fine grained materials with superior mechanical performance. The primary users are industrial manufacturers seeking high-strength components. While traditionally confined to laboratory research, recent process developments suggest certain techniques are approaching industrialisation for specific applications, though commercial readiness varies across individual methods and material types.
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This paper presents a comprehensive review of the successful application of Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) in producing ultra-fine grained (UFG) and nano-structured crystalline bulk materials. SPD achieves outstanding grain refinement without significantly altering the original dimensions of the workpiece, making it particularly useful for ductile materials that can withstand large strains under high hydrostatic pressure before failure. The study explores the grain refining mechanism during severe plastic deformation and its impact on the microstructure of metals. It also examines the use of SPD in hard to deform brittle materials like tungsten oxide, B2O3 glasses, and amorphous materials. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, along with their applications and potential for combining more than one technique. The review is significant because it emphasizes recent progress in process development, which could potentially enable the industrialization of certain SPD techniques for specific applications. This paper fills the gap in the literature by addressing this issue. Overall, the review demonstrates the potential of SPD in metalworking and its application in the development of new UFG materials with improved mechanical properties.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16700
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