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article · Food Chemistry Advances

Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut): An insight into its bioactive compounds, biological activities, nutritional and health benefits

202347 citationsOpen accessDelta State University

In plain language

Tiger nut, scientifically known as Cyperus esculentus, possesses notable nutritional value and physiological qualities that contribute to human health. The plant contains a variety of bioactive phytochemicals, notably flavonoids, alkaloids, fats, and fatty acids. These compounds support metabolic functions and demonstrate a range of biological and therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular disease, aphrodisiac, and anti-diabetic activities. Beyond medicinal and dietary benefits, tiger nut serves as a versatile raw material across several sectors, such as the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. Documented industrial uses include the production of starch, animal feed, beverages, and biofuel. A comprehensive synthesis of these nutritional benefits, bioactive constituents, and diverse processing options provides a clearer perspective on the multi-sectoral utility of tiger nut as both a therapeutic resource and an industrial crop.

Key takeaways

  • Tiger nut contains essential bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and fatty acids that support vital metabolic processes.
  • Bioactive constituents in the plant offer therapeutic benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and cardiovascular-protective effects.
  • The crop exhibits broad industrial utility, serving as a functional ingredient in beverages, starch, animal feed, and biofuel production.

Why it matters

Tiger nut is an adaptable crop with dual value as a functional food and an industrial raw material. Its rich nutritional profile and health-promoting properties address common health concerns such as inflammation and diabetes, while its processing potential in food, feed, and energy sectors makes it relevant for sustainable product development.

Commercialisation angle

Commercial interest centres on applications in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and bioenergy sectors, where tiger nut can be processed into starch, animal feed, functional drinks, and biofuels. Key prospective users include industrial food processors, animal feed manufacturers, and renewable fuel developers. Because the evidence derives from a broad review of properties rather than an applied technological trial, commercial integration appears to be at an early to intermediate stage.

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Abstract

Physiologically important qualities and nutritional benefits prove the value of tiger nut. Phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, fat, fatty acids and etcetera that are abundant throughout the plant aid in a number of metabolic processes as well as elicit therapeutic and biological effects of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-cardiovascular disease, aphrodisiac, anti-diabetic effects thus improving general wellbeing and health conditions. More to that, in various other industries than the medical (Pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and e.t.c), tiger nuts are utilizable in making starch, animal feed, beverages, biofuel to mention but a few. Considering all these enormous benefits and applications of tiger nut, it is the intention of this review, to add to the scope of available information regarding them stating with specificity their bioactive compounds, biological activities, nutritional and health benefits as well as their industrial applications.

Research topics

  • Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
  • Botanical Research and Applications
  • Hibiscus Plant Research Studies

Sustainable Development Goals

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DOI: 10.1016/j.focha.2023.100511

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