review · Pharmaceutics
Delivering drugs through the skin offers advantages such as ease of administration, high flexibility, controlled release, and prolonged therapeutic effects. However, low skin permeability and potential irritation remain primary obstacles because healthy skin acts as the body's natural barrier against foreign substances. Lipid nanosystems provide a practical approach to overcome these penetration challenges while offering benefits including straightforward scaling, low cost, and notable stability. Designing effective formulations requires precise understanding and control of critical properties, such as particle size, surface charge, and carrier ingredients. Achieving successful topical and transdermal delivery further involves mapping nanoparticle penetration pathways, managing the factors that govern skin absorption, and addressing relevant regulatory requirements for therapeutic use.
Delivering medicine through the skin offers a comfortable, controlled alternative to other administration methods, but the skin naturally repels foreign substances. Lipid nanosystems provide an affordable, stable, and easily scaled solution to safely transport therapeutic molecules through this barrier, enabling more reliable skin-based treatments for patients.
Lipid nanosystems target topical and transdermal drug delivery applications for pharmaceutical developers seeking scalable, cost-effective, and stable carriers. The technology sits at a development stage where formulation variables such as particle size and surface charge, alongside regulatory requirements, require careful control before market translation can occur.
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Skin delivery is an exciting and challenging field. It is a promising approach for effective drug delivery due to its ease of administration, ease of handling, high flexibility, controlled release, prolonged therapeutic effect, adaptability, and many other advantages. The main associated challenge, however, is low skin permeability. The skin is a healthy barrier that serves as the body's primary defence mechanism against foreign particles. New advances in skin delivery (both topical and transdermal) depend on overcoming the challenges associated with drug molecule permeation and skin irritation. These limitations can be overcome by employing new approaches such as lipid nanosystems. Due to their advantages (such as easy scaling, low cost, and remarkable stability) these systems have attracted interest from the scientific community. However, for a successful formulation, several factors including particle size, surface charge, components, etc. have to be understood and controlled. This review provided a brief overview of the structure of the skin as well as the different pathways of nanoparticle penetration. In addition, the main factors influencing the penetration of nanoparticles have been highlighted. Applications of lipid nanosystems for dermal and transdermal delivery, as well as regulatory aspects, were critically discussed.
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DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020656
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