Cryotherapy versus Topical Corticosteroid Eye Drop versus Topical NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Eye Drop in Management of Moderate Cases of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Abstract

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, recurrent allergic ocular illness that might result in corneal complications and vision loss. Various treatment options exist, but the optimal management strategy for moderate cases remains unclear. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness and safety of cryotherapy, topical corticosteroid eye drops, and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops (NSAIDs) in the treatment of moderate VKC. Methods: This prospective randomized research involved sixty cases with moderate VKC, separated equally into 3 groups: Group A (cryotherapy), Group B (fluorometholone 0.1% suspension), and Group C (nepafenac 0.1% eye drops). Cases have been followed for six months, and outcomes assessed included resolution of symptoms and signs, recurrence, and complications. Results: At three months, no significant intergroup differences were observed in symptoms, conjunctival hyperemia, papillae, or keratitis (p > 0.05), except for Trantas dots distribution (p = 0.0375). At six months, all groups demonstrated significant improvement. Group C showed the highest resolution of palpebral papillae (70%) and the lowest relapse rate (35%), compared with Group A (80% relapse) and Group B (50% relapse). No serious treatmentrelated complications occurred in any group. Conclusion: Cryotherapy, corticosteroids, and NSAIDs are all effective in managing moderate VKC. However, cryotherapy remains a safe and useful non-pharmacological option, particularly for refractory cases.