article · International Journal of Nanomedicine
Diabetes impairs the natural biological processes required for wound repair, creating an urgent demand for specialised therapies. In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using plant extracts from pomegranate and guava, with pomegranate demonstrating superior reducing performance. The resulting spherical nanoparticles, measuring approximately 233 nanometres across, showed potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant human pathogens and inhibited biofilm formation. Cell assays on normal human skin fibroblasts demonstrated low cytotoxicity and accelerated scratch wound closure compared to untreated controls. In diabetic rats, topical application at a dose of two milligrams per square centimetre achieved 92 percent wound contraction within 13 days, accompanied by enhanced blood vessel formation and well-established fibrous tissue. These findings indicate that greenly synthesised copper oxide nanoparticles can tackle drug resistance while stimulating tissue regeneration.
Chronic wounds in diabetic patients are notoriously difficult to treat and highly susceptible to antibiotic-resistant infections. By utilising plant-derived extracts to generate therapeutic copper oxide nanoparticles, this research demonstrates a sustainable method for producing dual-action agents that can eliminate resistant microbes while actively promoting the regrowth of healthy, vascularised tissue in impaired wounds.
This work could eventually enable advanced topical formulations or wound dressings for clinicians treating diabetic foot ulcers and infected chronic wounds. The technology is currently at an applied, early preclinical stage, having demonstrated efficacy in cell lines and diabetic rodent models. Progression towards commercialisation will require industrial scale-up of the green synthesis method, comprehensive toxicology assessments, and extensive human clinical trials.
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Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is among the disrupting factors of orchestrated events in wound healing. This necessitates the urge for tailored medications, which are continually offered by nano-sized materials. Herein, we present greenly synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), obtained from either Punica granatum L . (PG) or Pisidium guajava L . (GV) extract, to function as potent bactericidal and fungicidal materials that promote regeneration and healing of the targeted diabetic wounded tissues. Methods: PG or GV plant extracts were compared as source of reducing agents for CuO NPs synthesis process. The yield and photocatalytic degradation potential were compared. NPs obtained from the superior extract, PG, were characterized using particles size, zeta potential, XRD, TEM, SEM, and EDX. The antimicrobial effects were evaluated on multidrug-resistant human pathogens and then the percentage biofilm inhibitory concentration was determined. The cytotoxicity and wound scratch study were conducted on a normal human skin cell line. In-vivo wound healing activity in diabetic rats was assessed along with histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of CD45 and α-SMA. Results: The greenly synthesized CuO NPs are spherical in shape having a diameter of 233nm. CuO NPs (250μg/mL) acted as promising biocontrol agent against a variety of multidrug-resistant human pathogens. They significantly exhibited 29.460± 0.811% healing of the scratched wound compared to only 2.001± 0.155% for the control. Wound healing experiments revealed the safety of a low CuO NPs concentration in a diabetic animal model as well as on human normal skin fibroblast cell line. The treated group with a dose of 2mg/cm 2 showed superior results with a WC50 value of 7.2 days, and 92% wound contraction after 13-days. Immunohistochemical investigation of the same group demonstrated well-established fibrous tissue (5.7± 3.7/HPF), and an amplified granulation tissue of recently developed blood vessels (70± 1.5/HPF). Conclusion: Green synthesized CuO NPs could overcome drug resistance and promote wound healing process effectively. Keywords: plant extraction, metal ion, cell compatibility, wound contraction, biofilm inhibitory concentration
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DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s397045
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