article · Scientific Reports
This research evaluates the thermal behaviour of a magnetised ternary hybrid polar nanofluid moving around a radiant sphere, with a specific focus on the influence of nanoparticle shape. Using a single-phase model solved through a hybrid linearisation spectral collocation method, the analysis investigates how different physical parameters affect fluid motion and heat transfer. The findings establish that blade-shaped nanoparticles yield the highest thermal conductivity ratio in the base fluid, while spherical shapes show the lowest. Higher nanoparticle volume fractions and thermal radiation enhance both fluid velocity and thermal performance. In contrast, magnetic fields and micropolar characteristics restrict fluid movement and energy transfer. Furthermore, a kerosene-oil-based ternary mixture containing aluminium oxide, copper, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes demonstrated a 0.8 to 2.6 percent improvement in convective heat transfer over an alternative mixture utilising graphene.
Managing heat dissipation and energy efficiency is critical for modern industrial infrastructure. By showing how specific nanoparticle shapes and fluid combinations alter heat transfer under magnetic and radiative conditions, this work provides valuable insight into designing better working fluids. Such fluids can help reduce energy consumption and improve performance in systems relying on free convection.
The computational findings could inform the design of advanced heat-transfer fluids for thermal systems in power plants, solar collectors, aerospace, and nuclear engineering. The prospective users include thermal engineers and industrial fluid manufacturers. As the work is purely computational and based on theoretical modelling, it represents early-stage research that requires experimental testing and prototype validation before any commercial deployment.
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Abstract The control and management of energy and their associated issues are increasingly recognized as one of mankind’s greatest challenges in the coming years to keep pace with the surge in industrialization and technology. Free convection optimizes the heat transfer processes in energy systems like solar collectors and power plants, reducing energy consumption and increasing system effectiveness. Further, studying and analyzing critical factors like magnetic fields, thermal radiation, and the shape of nanoparticles can assist in the control of fluid motion and improve the efficiency of heat transfer processes in a wide range of real-world applications, such as the power sector, aerospace applications, molten metal, nuclear power, and aeronautical engineering. This study aims to scrutinize the thermal performance of a magneto tri-hybrid polar nanoliquid flowing over a radiative sphere, considering the nanosolids’ shape. The single-phase model is developed to acquire the problems governing equations, and the hybrid linearization spectral collection approach is utilized to approximate the solution. The present findings reveal that blade-shaped nanosolids exhibit the highest thermal conductivity ratio when incorporated into the base fluid, whereas spherical nanosolids exhibit the lowest ratio. Volume fraction and thermal radiation factors have an effective role in raising fluid velocity and thermal performance. The magnetic and microapolar factors significantly suppress fluid velocity and energy transfer. As the volume fraction factor increases, the average percentage improvement in convective heat transfer for Al 2 O 3 + Cu + MWCNT/kerosene oil compared to Al 2 O 3 + Cu + graphene/kerosene oil approximately ranges from 0.8 to 2.6%.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47853-8
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