article · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
Avian egg yolks serve as a valuable source of IgY antibodies, which hold significant potential for preventing infections. This research compared four distinct extraction strategies to evaluate antibody purity and recovery: water dilution, polyethylene glycol precipitation, chloroform combined with polyethylene glycol, and phenol extraction. The water dilution and chloroform methods produced higher total protein amounts, but their antibody purity was compromised by noticeable impurities. Phenol extraction yielded the highest IgY purity, though it resulted in lower overall recovery. Polyethylene glycol precipitation delivered a balanced compromise, yielding moderate protein amounts with higher purity than water dilution or chloroform. Crucially, testing confirmed that none of the extraction methods impaired the functional binding activity of the resulting antibodies.
Chicken egg yolks provide an abundant, non-invasive source of therapeutic antibodies. Identifying the right extraction method allows researchers and producers to choose between high yield and high purity depending on their specific requirements, ensuring the functional antibodies can be harvested effectively for disease prevention.
This work informs biomanufacturers and veterinary health developers seeking to produce IgY antibodies on a wide scale. By highlighting water dilution and polyethylene glycol precipitation as viable routes for bulk processing, the study offers practical guidance for bioprocess optimisation. The research is applied and laboratory tested, providing comparative data directly relevant to designing scalable extraction protocols for commercial antibody applications.
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IgY technology refers to the process of producing, extracting, and utilizing IgY antibodies from the egg yolk. The extraction of IgY from the avian egg yolk is particularly interesting due to its potential as a reservoir of targeted antibodies for infection prevention. The objective of our study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency and purity of antibodies obtained through four different IgY extraction procedures: water dilution (WD), polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, chloroform (CF) extraction combined with PEG extraction, and phenol (PHE) extraction. The WD and CF techniques exhibited increased protein quantities; however, the reported IgY purity was reduced due to impurities detected in the SDS-PAGE analysis. The PEG technique provided a well-balanced approach with moderate protein content and greater purity than the WD and CF approaches. The phenol extraction procedure resulted in the best level of purity for IgY; however, the yield was lower. The WD methods and PEG precipitation extraction methods offer an effective and practical approach to purifying IgY antibodies. It is suitable for efficiently producing high-quality IgY on a wide scale following purification. The functionality of the IgY molecule is unaffected by various extraction techniques throughout an ELISA demonstration. This comparative study aims to gather valuable observational data on various IgY extraction methods. The main aim is to optimize these approaches to effectively address the specific demands of different practical working situations and antibody applications.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110928
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