article · International STD Research & Reviews
This research assesses the prevalence and resistance patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urine samples of 333 individuals, including 133 HIV-positive and 200 HIV-negative participants, at a clinic in Bamenda, Cameroon. Overall prevalence of the bacteria was 23.4 percent, showing no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts. However, antibiotic resistance was exceptionally high, with 98.7 percent of the 78 bacterial isolates demonstrating resistance to at least one tested drug. Ampicillin showed the highest resistance rate at 61.05 percent, whereas nitrofurantoin was the most active agent. Multidrug resistance was observed in 47.4 percent of the cases. Secondary education, monthly income below 50,000 francs, and HIV status were found to be risk factors for multidrug-resistant infections. The findings support restricting the use of ampicillin and gentamycin while favouring nitrofurantoin and levofloxacin.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of urinary infections and represents a growing public health threat due to antimicrobial resistance. Understanding local susceptibility profiles allows healthcare practitioners to prescribe effective treatments and avoid ineffective drugs like ampicillin. This helps protect vulnerable groups, including HIV-positive patients, and prevents the further emergence and spread of untreatable multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
The findings provide early-stage clinical evidence to guide local treatment protocols, hospital formularies, and public health guidelines. Potential users include clinicians, diagnostics developers, and pharmaceutical procurement teams seeking evidence to optimise regional urinary tract infection therapies. Beyond informing clinical prescribing choices and surveillance priorities, the abstract does not indicate a direct commercialisation pathway or product development framework.
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The vulnerability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients to opportunistic pathogens requires measures in monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR). ABR to Klebsiella pneumoniae is an urgent threat to human health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of K. pneumoniae in HIV positive and negative persons in Bamenda III. The study comprised of 333 participants (133 HIV positive and 200 HIV negative persons) recruited from January 2024 to June 2024. K. pneumoniae was isolated from urine samples by culture on selective media. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 23.4% (78/333) and was high 24.0% (48/333) in HIV positive participants though the difference was not significantly (p=0.761). Of the 78 isolates, 77(98.7%) showed resistance to at least one of the antibiotics used. Ampicillin recorded the highest level of resistance (61.05%, 48/77) while Nitrofurantoin was the most active drug 42.3% (28/78). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was reported in 47.4% (37/78) of the participants. Secondary level of education (AOR=6.75, p=0.040), monthly income of less than 50,000frs (AOR=5.53, p=0.025) and HIV positive status (AOR=0.30, p=0.039) were identified as risk factors of MDR. This study reported high prevalence of K. pneumoniae in the urine samples of both HIV positive and negative participants. These isolates demonstrated resistance to most antibiotics with a higher level of antibiotic resistance observed in isolates from HIV positive persons. We recommend the need for controlled administration of ampicillin and gentamycin while encouraging the use of nitrofurantoin and levofloxacin in the treatment of K. pneumoniae especially in HIV patients.
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DOI: 10.9734/isrr/2025/v14i2190
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