Comparative Evaluation of Resorbable Gelatin Matrix in Perforation Repairs

Abstract

Aim: This study evaluates the effectiveness of resorbable gelatin matrices as an alternative to collagen matrices in perforation repair procedures. Materials and methods: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were isolated from impacted mandibular molars, cultured, and characterized using flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation assays. The cytotoxicity of the matrices was assessed using the MTT assay, while cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using the scratch wound assay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine cell attachment. Osteogenic differentiation was induced in hPDLSCs, and mineralization was assessed using Alizarin Red staining. The mechanical properties of the matrices were also evaluated to determine their tensile strength. Data were analyzed with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: hPDLSCs were successfully isolated and characterized, exhibiting typical mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD73, CD90, CD105) and the ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Both collagen and gelatin extracts supported cell proliferation and migration, with no significant difference in viability or migration at most dilutions, although collagen showed slightly higher cell viability at Day 1 and Day 3. SEM analysis revealed enhanced cell attachment and spreading on both scaffolds. Mineralization, assessed via Alizarin Red staining, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity showed that both materials promoted osteogenic differentiation, with no significant difference between collagen and gelatin. PCR analysis confirmed higher expression of osteo/cemento/dentinogenic markers in both groups compared to controls, with collagen exhibiting significantly higher osteocalcin expression. Mechanical testing revealed that collagen has double the tensile strength of gelatin. Conclusion: Resorbable gelatin matrices can serve as a practical alternative to collagen matrices in perforation repair procedures.