article · Clinical Oral Investigations
This study evaluated how three calcium silicate-based dental repair materials affect human periodontal ligament stem cells. Tests compared two resin-free products, Biodentine and NeoPutty, with a resin-based alternative, TheraCal PT, across several dilution ratios. Laboratory assays measured cellular toxicity, migration during scratch wound healing, cell attachment, morphology, calcium ion release, and pH changes. Both resin-free formulations achieved significantly higher stem cell viability on the first day compared to the resin-based option, though viability became comparable across all materials by days three and seven at higher dilutions. Biodentine demonstrated the highest cell migration rates, the greatest calcium ion release, and the highest pH levels. Microscopic examination showed favourable cell attachment, spreading, and intercellular connectivity on Biodentine and NeoPutty surfaces, characteristics absent with TheraCal PT. Overall, the resin-free materials exhibited superior biological properties for endodontic repair applications.
Selecting appropriate biomaterials is vital for successful root repairs and long-term tooth preservation. Repair compounds placed near periodontal tissues directly affect how host stem cells survive, migrate, and regenerate damaged structures. By demonstrating that resin-free calcium silicate cements foster superior cellular attachment and healing responses compared to resin-containing alternatives, this research assists dental practitioners in selecting materials that support better biological outcomes.
This laboratory research provides comparative performance evidence directly relevant to dental practitioners, endodontists, and manufacturers of root repair cements. Because the investigation evaluated existing commercial formulations rather than early-stage chemical compounds, the biological insights can immediately inform clinical material selection. Nevertheless, as this represents in vitro testing on cultured human stem cells, establishing definitive superiority in practice remains dependent on subsequent in vivo validation and clinical outcome studies.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of three different calcium silicate-based materials (CSBM) on the biological behavior of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS: Eluates of Biodentine, NeoPutty and TheraCal PT prepared at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios were extracted under sterile conditions. The cytotoxicity of the extracts to the hPDLSCs was assessed using the MTT assay. Scratch wound healing assay was utilized for assessing cell migration. Scanning electron microscopy was used to detect cell attachment and morphology. Calcium ion release was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; the pH-value was evaluated with a pH-meter. ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Cell viability was significantly higher for Biodentine and NeoPutty at day 1 with all dilutions (p < 0.05), while at day 3 and day 7 with dilutions 1:2 and 1:4; all materials showed similar behavior (p > 0.05). Biodentine had the highest percentage of cell migration into the scratched area at day 1 for all dilutions (p < 0.05). Stem cells were attached favorably on Biodentine and NeoPutty with evident spreading, and intercellular communications; however, this was not shown for TheraCal PT. Biodentine showed the highest pH values and calcium ion release (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The resin-free CSBM showed better performance and favorable biological effects on hPDLSCs and were therefore considered promising for usage as endodontic repair materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Proper selection of materials with favorable impact on the host stem cells is crucial to ensure outcome in different clinical scenarios.
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DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05288-5
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