Comparative Analysis of Urinary Electrolyte Profiles among Populations in Grand Sido and Kouh-Est in Southern Chad

Abstract

Urinary electrolytes play a key role in assessing hydration status, metabolism and renal function. This study aims to characterise and quantify the major urinary electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻) in two rural areas of southern Chad: Grand Sido and Kouh-Est. Urine samples were collected and analysed according to rigorous biochemical protocols. The results reveal significant disparities between the two areas, highlighting the influence of dietary habits, access to drinking water and environmental conditions. These data provide an important basis for the implementation of targeted public health and nutrition strategies. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted among 783 volunteer participants aged 5 to 90 years residing in the localities of Grand Sido and Kouh-Est. Morning urine samples were collected under aseptic conditions and then transported to the laboratory in accordance with storage conditions. Urinary concentrations of sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻) were determined using standardized biochemical methods (colorimetric methods). Statistical analysis was used to compare electrolyte profiles between the two areas and according to age groups, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. This study highlights significant differences in urinary electrolyte profiles between Grand Sido and Kouh-Est, reflecting the influence of nutritional factors, access to drinking water, and local environmental conditions. The results obtained provide a useful reference for monitoring hydration status and renal function in these rural populations. They can also guide the development of prevention, nutrition, and public health strategies tailored to the context of southern Chad.