Comparative analysis of the nutritive and antinutritive values of the pulps and kernels of Mafida (Spondias sp. cf. S. mombin L., wild variety) and Mobola plum (Parinari curatellifolia Cav.) in Akwanga, north-central Nigeria

Abstract

This study comparatively evaluated the proximate composition, mineral content, antinutritional factors, and amino acid profiles of the pulps and kernels of Mafida and Mobola plum collected in Akwanga Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Samples were prepared and analysed using standard analytical methods. The kernels of both fruits contained more protein, fat, and metabolic energy than their corresponding pulps. Mafida kernel contained 27.01% crude protein and 18.38% total fat, whereas Mobola plum kernel contained 33.96% crude protein and 22.32% total fat. Mafida pulp had higher moisture, carbohydrate, and crude fibre contents, and Mobola plum pulp had a notably higher carbohydrate content (53.50%) than its kernel. Both fruits contained measurable macro- and trace elements, including Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu; however, their overall contribution to dietary mineral requirements was limited. Oxalates, phytates, alkaloids, phenolics, and other antinutritional factors occurred at appreciable concentrations, indicating that processing may improve nutritional safety and nutrient bioavailability. All nine essential amino acids were detected, with the kernels generally showing higher total amino acid contents and better protein quality than the pulps. Mafida and Mobola plum kernels therefore have potential as protein- and energy-dense ingredients, but processing and bioavailability studies are required before their use in food formulations can be recommended.