article · Agriculture
Developing hybrid rice lines that maintain high yields during drought is essential for securing crop productivity under changing environmental conditions. A two year evaluation examined twenty hybrid combinations produced by crossing five aromatic cytoplasmic male sterile lines with four restorer lines. The plants were tested under both standard irrigation and water stress conditions across ten yield component traits. The results confirmed that water deficits significantly affected all examined traits, which were governed by a mix of additive and non additive gene actions. Grain yield was predominantly controlled by non additive gene action regardless of water availability. Specific parental lines, notably CMS IR58025A and PR2, showed the strongest general combining ability for grain yield. Furthermore, the hybrid crosses Pusa12A/IR25571-31R and Pusa12A/Giza-Basmati-201 demonstrated strong specific combining ability effects across both environments, pinpointing promising pairings for further breeding.
Water scarcity poses an ongoing threat to staple crop production. Identifying which parent lines and genetic traits pass on yield resilience under drought helps agricultural scientists breed better varieties. Understanding whether yield components rely on additive or non additive gene actions allows rice breeders to select the most effective parental combinations to improve performance in water limited farming areas.
This research provides applied breeding data that could inform seed companies and agricultural research organisations looking to develop drought resilient aromatic hybrid rice varieties. Because the work focuses on identifying combining ability and parental performance across experimental crosses over two years, it represents an applied and tested stage of pre breeding research. Real world use would require further multi location testing, agronomic trials, and formal variety registration before commercial release.
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Hybrid rice parental lines with better combining abilities provide an efficient tool to increase rice production. In the current study, twenty hybrid combinations were generated from five aromatic cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and four restorer lines (three of them aromatic) using a line × tester mating design. The hybrids and their parental lines were evaluated under two water regimes: normal irrigation and water-stress. Ten yield-component traits were studied over a period of 2 years, and the significant differences between the parents and hybrids are reported in this investigation. Overall, all yield component traits were significantly affected by the water deficit and were governed by both additive and non-additive gene actions. More specifically, the grain yield (GY) was mainly controlled by non-additive gene action under both normal and water-stress conditions. The contribution of the additive variance (σ2 A) was more prominent in the genetic components of traits as compared to the dominance variance (σ2 D). The aromatic parental line CMS IR58025A and the restorer line PR2 were recorded as the best combiners for the GY and good combiners for many other characteristics under both growth conditions. The cross combinations Pusa12A/IR25571-31R and Pusa12A/Giza-Basmati-201 revealed significantly positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects for the GY under both normal and water-stress conditions. The inconsistent correlation between the general combining ability (GCA) and SCA manifested complex interactions among the positive and negative alleles of the genes controlling the yield traits. Generally, the findings of this investigation demonstrated the importance of the GCA and SCA for understanding the genetic components and gene actions of the yield characteristics in new aromatic hybrid rice parental lines. Therefore, we recommend considering these findings in the selection of elite parents for developing superior aromatic hybrid rice varieties under water-stress conditions.
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DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11030226
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