Climate Change and Water Resources Management in Ghis-Nekor Watershed (North of Morocco) – A Comprehensive Analysis Using SPI, RDI and DI Indices

Abstract

Morocco is currently facing significant challenges due to the ever–changing climate, with its critical water sources crucial for agriculture, economy, and daily life being greatly affected. In order to thoroughly understand the impact of climate change on the Ghis–Nekor watershed, an in–depth study spanning 38 years (1978–2016) was conducted. This involved examining meteorological data from three stations and utilizing advanced indices such as SPI, RDI, and DI. The findings of this study reveal prominent shifts in precipitation patterns, indicating a vulnerability in the region. While there was a general increase in annual rainfall during the specified time period, a sharp decline was observed post–2008. Further analysis of drought confirmed the presence of persistent dry spells and recurring episodes, highlighting the urgent need for effective water management strategies. These crucial findings must be considered by decision–makers for successful climate adaptation, emphasizing the crucial role played by this study in mitigating the effects of climate change.