article · Plants
Soil salinity presents a major challenge to agriculture, causing damage to physiological and biochemical processes in plants and lowering crop yields. An investigation into common bean plants grown in clay-sandy soil evaluated the protective effects of chitosan and methacrylic acid-synthesised chitosan nanoparticles under varying salt concentrations. Salinity stress damaged yields, pigment fractions, and carbohydrate content. Both chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles reversed these negative impacts by boosting antioxidant systems, proline, pigments, carbohydrates, and crop yields. These treatments also reduced markers of cellular stress, specifically hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. Chitosan nanoparticles outperformed conventional chitosan in mitigating the harmful effects of salt stress, demonstrating their potential to safeguard bean crops cultivated in salt-affected soils.
Saline soils degrade arable land and curtail the production of staple crops such as common beans. Identifying treatments that protect crops against high salt concentrations offers practical strategies to maintain food yields in difficult growing conditions. Demonstrating that chitosan nanoparticles alleviate biochemical stress and preserve productivity provides researchers with clear targets for developing protective agricultural treatments.
This research points to potential applications in formulating nano-enhanced biostimulant or crop-protection sprays for farmers cultivating Phaseolus vulgaris in saline soils. Agrochemical manufacturers and input providers could use these findings to develop foliar treatments. The technology sits at an applied testing stage in soil experiments, meaning further field trials, formulation scaling, and safety assessments are required before commercial release.
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Salinity stress can significantly cause negative impacts on the physiological and biochemical traits of plants and, consequently, a reduction in the yield productivity of crops. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan (Cs) and chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) to mitigate salinity stress (i.e., 25, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and improve pigment fractions, carbohydrates content, ions content, proline, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage content, and the antioxidant system of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. grown in clay-sandy soil. Methacrylic acid was used to synthesize CsNPs, with an average size of 40 ± 2 nm. Salinity stress negatively affected yield traits, pigment fractions, and carbohydrate content. However, in plants grown under salt stress, the application of either Cs or CsNPs significantly improved yield, pigment fractions, carbohydrate content, proline, and the antioxidant system, while these treatments reduced hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. The positive effects of CsNPs were shown to be more beneficial than Cs when applied exogenously to plants grown under salt stress. In this context, it could be concluded that CsNPs could be used to mitigate salt stress effects on <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. plants grown in saline soils.
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DOI: 10.3390/plants13030398
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