article · Frontiers in Chemistry
Essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of grey-leaved rockrose, Cistus albidus, was analysed to determine its chemical constituents and therapeutic potential. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed camphene, alpha-pinene, and bornyl acetate as the primary volatile constituents, with tricyclene and melonal present in smaller proportions. Laboratory assays demonstrated strong antioxidant capacities across several testing methods, alongside marked anti-inflammatory action through lipoxygenase inhibition. The oil displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, although Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus exhibited partial resistance. Furthermore, the oil induced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against two human breast cancer cell lines in laboratory tests. Computational screening also evaluated the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic profiles, and toxicity parameters of the constituent molecules, supporting the biological findings with theoretical molecular assessments.
Identifying bioactive natural products supports the search for new pharmaceutical and therapeutic leads. By demonstrating that grey-leaved rockrose essential oil possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties in laboratory settings, this work provides empirical and computational data on traditional plant remedies, offering candidate molecules for future medicinal investigation.
This work represents early-stage research conducted solely in vitro and in silico. The findings could potentially interest pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or natural health product developers seeking botanical sources of antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, or anti-inflammatory compounds. Substantial further validation, including in vivo trials, formulation testing, and safety profiling, will be required before any commercial application or product development can occur.
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Cistus albidus : L., also known as Grey-leaved rockrose and locally addressed as šṭab or tûzzâla lbîḍa, is a plant species with a well-established reputation for its health-promoting properties and traditional use for the treatment of various diseases. This research delves into exploring the essential oil extracted from the aerial components of Cistus albidus (referred to as CAEO), aiming to comprehend its properties concerning antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial efficacy, and cytotoxicity. Firstly, a comprehensive analysis of CAEO’s chemical composition was performed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, four complementary assays were conducted to assess its antioxidant potential, including DPPH scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays. The investigation delved into the anti-inflammatory properties via the 5-lipoxygenase assay and the antimicrobial effects of CAEO against various bacterial and fungal strains. Additionally, the research investigated the cytotoxic effects of CAEO on two human breast cancer subtypes, namely, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Chemical analysis revealed camphene as the major compound, comprising 39.21% of the composition, followed by α-pinene (19.01%), bornyl acetate (18.32%), tricyclene (6.86%), and melonal (5.44%). Notably, CAEO exhibited robust antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by the low IC 50 values in DPPH (153.92 ± 4.30 μg/mL) and β-carotene (95.25 ± 3.75 μg/mL) assays, indicating its ability to counteract oxidative damage. The ABTS assay and the total antioxidant capacity assay also confirmed the potent antioxidant potential with IC 50 values of 120.51 ± 3.33 TE μmol/mL and 458.25 ± 3.67 µg AAE/mg, respectively. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, CAEO displayed a substantial lipoxygenase inhibition at 0.5 mg/mL. Its antimicrobial properties were broad-spectrum, although some resistance was observed in the case of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . CAEO exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on tumor cell lines in vitro . Additionally, computational analyses were carried out to appraise the physicochemical characteristics, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetic properties of CAEO’s constituent molecules, while the toxicity was assessed using the Protox II web server.
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DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1334028
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